Metabolic Support

Early enteral nutrition within 6-12 hours of burn injury preserves gut mucosal integrity, attenuates bacterial translocation, and supports the hypermetabolic response. Nasogastric tube feeding with hi

Severe burns deplete antioxidant trace elements (selenium, zinc, copper) and vitamins through wound exudate, increased metabolic demand, and redistribution. Parenteral supplementation of combined trac

Severe burns cause rapid and sustained bone loss through glucocorticoid-mediated osteoblast apoptosis, cytokine-driven calcium-sensing receptor upregulation, hypocalcemic hypoparathyroidism, and chron

Severe burns produce the most extreme hypermetabolic state in medicine, with metabolic rates exceeding twice normal for over a year. Enteral nutrition should begin within 6-12 hours of admission using

Oxandrolone, a synthetic anabolic steroid, demonstrated significant benefits in burn patients including preservation of lean body mass, improved protein synthesis, shorter length of stay, and reduced

The postburn hypermetabolic response persists for years and drives muscle catabolism, insulin resistance, and multiorgan dysfunction. Pharmacologic strategies including propranolol, insulin, metformin

Propranolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist, is the most widely used anticatabolic agent in burn care. Dosed to reduce resting heart rate by 15-20%, it decreases resting energy expenditure,